|
Arena da Amazônia (''Amazon Arena'') is the name of a football stadium in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, located on the former site of the Vivaldão stadium. The stadium has an all-seater capacity of 41,000 and was constructed from 2011 to 2014 as part of Brazil's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. ==Design and construction== Built on the site of the old Vivaldo Lima stadium, the Arena da Amazônia is located midway between Manaus International Airport and the historic center of the city. It is also near the Manaus Convention Center and the Amadeu Teixeira Arena. The cost of its construction was split with 25% paid by the Amazonas State Government and 75% by the Brazilian Development Bank. The stadium was designed by German architecture firm Gerkan, Marg and Partners, with inspiration from the Amazon rainforest that surrounds the city of Manaus and its metallic exterior structure is designed to evoke the straw baskets that are made in the region. It was built by the Brazilian engineering firm Andrade Gutierrez and incorporates several sustainability-friendly features.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arena da Amazônia - The Stadium Guide )〕 The stadium can seat around 41,000 spectators and features a restaurant, luxury suites, underground parking spaces and accessibility for people with special needs. It also includes an on-site rain water recycling system and sewage treatment facilities to reduce its water usage and is designed to make use of natural ventilation to reduce its consumption of energy. In addition, more than 95% of the material from the demolition of the old stadium was recycled.〔 Because the climate of Manaus is extremely warm due to its location near the equator, the stadium was designed to minimize the temperatures inside the structure with features such as a white, reflective exterior, plentiful shade over the seating areas, and a large amount of ventilation openings in the façade of the building.〔 Despite these efforts, England Manager Roy Hodgson criticized the location of the stadium saying the extreme heat of Manaus would make it difficult for players. England was later coincidentally drawn to play their opening game against Italy in Manaus and lost the game with a score of 2-1.〔http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/england-manager-roy-hodgson-fears-2877014〕 The Stadium itself has been criticised for being completely unnecessary beyond the World Cup, Due to the small crowds that attend local Football Matches in Manaus and the remote nature of Manaus. The Stadium has only seen light use since the World Cup with occasional 4th Division Matches and Christian Evangelical Concerts.〔http://onlyagame.wbur.org/2014/11/22/arena-de-amazonia-world-cup〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arena da Amazônia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|